Conventional Systems
A conventional septic system is the most basic and widely used method of onsite wastewater treatment for homes not connected to municipal sewer systems. It uses natural biological processes and soil filtration to treat household sewage.
Main Components of a Conventional Septic System
Septic Tank
A watertight underground tank that collects all wastewater from the house (toilets, showers, sinks, etc.).
Solids settle at the bottom (sludge), lighter materials like grease float to the top (scum), and the partially treated liquid (effluent) exits to the drain field.
Drain Field (Leach Field)
A network of perforated pipes buried in gravel-filled trenches or beds.
Effluent slowly trickles out into the surrounding soil, which filters and further treats the wastewater.
Soil
Acts as the final filter, removing harmful bacteria, viruses, and nutrients as the water percolates through the ground before reaching groundwater.
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